This list of topical resources is collated and maintained by the Bioethics Research Library of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown University, as part of a growing collection intended to help beginning scholars and researchers explore bioethics.
Three guiding principles govern the humane use of animals in research. These principles are called the 3 Rs – Replace, Reduce, Refine. These principles were first described in a 1959 book, The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique by W. M. S. Russell and R. L. Burch. Their goal was to develop a more ethical and humane approach to the treatment and use of animals in. They also inspired the movement to seek alternatives to the use of animals in biomedical research and testing. The 3 Rs are: replacement of conscious living animals with nonsentient animals or materials, reduction of the number of animals used in an experiment or procedure, and refinement of the techniques used in order to decrease the incidence or amount of animal pain and distress.
Journals in the Library
- ATLA: Alternatives to Laboratory Animals
- AWIC Bulletin (Animal Welfare Information Center)
- Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science
- Society & Animals Journal
Selected Resources
- United States. Department of Agriculture. Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC)
- United States. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Cosmetics-Animal Testing
- United States. Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. Office of Animal Laboratory Welfare (OLAW) Also see at this site:
- American Psychological Association (APA), Committee on Animal Research and Ethics
- AnimalResearch.info
- The Humane Society of the United States
- IACUC.ORG (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee)
- Northwest Association for Biomedical Research (NWABR)
- The Greater Good Curriculum Guide
- Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Research (FRAME)
- Netherlands Centre Alternatives to Animal Use